High altitude pulmonary edema usually occurs at an altitudes above 2000 meters. It is one of the most common high-altitude illness.

Severity of HAPE largely depends on whether not an individual has been previously exposed to the harshness of a high-altitude environment, as well as one's rate of vertical climb, the altitude reached, and one's ability to respond to the often hostile high-altitude environment.

What causes High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)?

Etiology of HAPE is still mostly unknown. HAPE is considered to be caused by a leak in the alveolar capillary membrane. It is a noncardiogenic form of pulmonary edema. Some of the possible causes may include:

• Pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction,
• Fluid retention,
• Rapid climb,
• Physical exertion at high altitude, and
• Cold temperatures.

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) Symptoms:

• Hypoxia,
• Shortness of breath,
• Fatigue,
• Tachycardia,
• Tachypnea, and
• Central cyanosis.

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) Treatment:

• Calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine),
• Corticosteroids,
• Complete Rest,
• Oxygen therapy,
• Immediate evacuation to lower altitudes, and
• Use of a Hyperbaric Chamber.

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) Prognosis:

If HAPE is not treated immediately, it could prove to be fatal for most patients. If the edema fluid is drained off promptly, however, HAPE does not seem leave the patients with any long term complications.

Preventing High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE):

In order to reduce one's chances of developing HAPE, there are simple precautionary steps that one can take, including: climbing slowly, allowing one's body additional time to get used to high altitude environment, and not drinking any alcohol.

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